Electrolytic Capacitors Operating Voltages

This article will be based on aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a reputation as having a short life expectancy and being unreliable.

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Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are found in many applications such as power supplies computer motherboards and many domestic appliances.

Electrolytic capacitors operating voltages. Voltage derating has a greater effect on the life as compared to an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Part of that reputation is due to a fifteen year old stolen electrolyte formula scandalbut part of it is because they really dont last as long as other types of capacitors. Electrolytic capacitors are popular because they offer a large amount of capacitance in a small physical size.

For capacitors with a rated voltage of up to 315 volts a surge voltage of 115 times the rated voltage applies and for capacitors with a rated voltage exceeding 315 volts a surge voltage of 110 times the rated voltage applies yellow area in figure 4. These have a typical capacitance between 1uf to 47mf and an operating voltage of up to a few hundred volts dc. This application guide focus es on the application of polar non solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors used in ripple filtering applications such as used as input and output capacitors in linear and switch mode power supplies and inverters.

The majority of electrolytic capacitors are polarized types that is the voltage connected to the capacitor terminals must have the correct polarity ie. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a rated voltage of up to 315 v the surge voltage is 115 times the rated voltage and for capacitors with a rated voltage exceeding 315 v the surge voltage is 110 times the rated voltage. Branes hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitors containing both polymer and liquid electrolyte components and sol id polymer electrolytic capacitors.

I deal a lot in the 5v range and 33v range. They are widely used as filters in low voltage power supplies and as coupling devices in audio and rf stages. In another thread a forum member said that in order for electrolytic capacitors to maintain their properties their voltage ratings should not exceed more than twice the voltage expected across them also allowing for any spikes.

Positive to positive and negative to negative. For capacitors with a rated voltage of 315 volts the surge voltage is 115 times the rated voltage and for capacitors with a rated voltage exceeding 315 volts the surge voltage is 110 times the rated voltage. The operating conditions affect the life of a film capacitor in a very similar manner to aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

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